Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, British suffrage leader, and Miss Alice Paul of the National Woman's Party, full-length portrait, standing, Washington, D.C.
The photographed meeting of the English radical Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence and Alice Paul. Paul learned to use the militant tactics of the women's suffrage movement in England and then brought them to America. Paul is on the left and Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence is on the right.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1913
No known restrictions on publication
Photographic Print
Alice Paul on force-feeding in England
Hunger strike and forced feeding
Alice Paul engaged in hunger strikes when imprisoned for agitating for Women's suffrage in England. This article describes the process and her reaction. "When the forcible feeding was ordered, I was taken from my bed, carried to another room and forced into a chair, bound with sheets(?) and sat upon bodily by a fat murderer who's duty it was to keep me still. Then the prison doctor, assisted by two female attendants, placed a rubber tube up my nostrils and pumped liquid food through it into the stomach. Twice a day for a month, November 1, to December 1, this was done." Cited from the article, starting at the second column, seventh line.
Elizabeth Smith Miller and Anne Fitzhugh Miller suffrage scrapbooks; National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection (Library of Congress)
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/nawbib:@field(NUMBER+@band(rbnawsa+n8133)):
Library Of Congress
Article extract
Letter written by Emeline Pankhurst to members of the Women's Social and Political Union(UK), 10 January, 1913, outlining the case for militancy.
Emeline (Emily) Pankhurst's famous call for "Deeds not words" in the women's suffrage movement in England.
Emily Pankhurst derides the suffragists who favor a conciliatory approach to the British political establishment. Ignoring the pledge to consider women's suffrage in the coming days Pankhurst argues that more, not less, aggression was needed to create support for the suffragette's. Pankhurst's aggression was in stark contrast to that of many other suffragists and reformers, having more in common with radical political and labor groups than the middle class progressives.
(To view the second half of the letter you will need the Adobe Reader program. It is a free program and from a reputable publisher. Google the phrase "download adobe reader" and follow the instructions. I apologize for the inconvenience.)
The National Archives
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/education/suffragettes.pdf
Document: CRIM 1/139/2
January 10, 1913
Open for use for education
Two Americans in Guildhall Exploit
This article details the emergence of Alice Paul and Lucy Burns in the radical suffragist movement in England. It also credits Alice Paul with originating the hunger strike as a way to protest imprisonment.
The Guildhall Exploit was an assault on the refined world of the English government. Long accustomed to relying on a stubborn style of compromise the British government was slow to recognize the seriousness of the suffragist movement. Smashing windows and confronting politicians were the tactics of the suffragists in England, particularly those who followed the example of Emily Pankhurst. The first article is the earliest article I could find that talks about Alice Paul and Lucy Burns in detail about their efforts in England. The article credits Alice Paul with inventing the hunger strike, a claim, if it can be substantiated, that could alter the way we think about the origins of social protest the world over.
Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
New York Times (1857-1922). New York, N.Y.: Nov 12, 1909. pg. 1, 1 pgs
ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2007)
Open source for educational purposes